The pilgrimage sites associated with Buddhism commemorate key moments in Buddha’s life:
- Lumbini is where he was born; Bodh Gaya, where he attained enlightenment;
- Sarnath where he first preached Dharma (Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path);
- Varanasi where he turned Unsurpassed Wheel of Law
- Kushinagar where he died before entering parinirvana – each location considered holy sites within Buddhism by followers worldwide.
- Bodh Gaya where he attained enlightenment;
As Buddhism spread throughout India and beyond, monasteries were founded at sites associated with Buddha and his teachings, serving as centers of learning as well as places for monks to reside and train. Over time these monasteries became the cornerstones of one of the most influential religions today – Buddhism.
Alongside their religious significance, these places also contain important archaeological and cultural heritage sites – some even World Heritage Sites! Early Buddhist temples consisted of simple structures built of brick and wood with a stupa at their center; over time these evolved into complex buildings featuring images, reliefs and paintings depicting Buddha and other deities.
Early Buddhist monasteries were constructed during the 1st century BCE and are considered examples of early Buddhist architecture. Over time, however, monasteries adorned with elaborate decorations like golden statues were added over time, often being situated near rivers or lakes which were thought to provide spiritual energy sources.
Best-known monastery is Mahabodhi Temple
One of the world’s best-known monasteries is Mahabodhi Temple, believed to be home to what may be the actual bodhi tree where Prince Siddhartha attained enlightenment and became Buddha. This symbol of Buddhism is revered worldwide.
Sanchi Stupa by Emperor Ashoka during the 3rd century BCE
Sanchi Stupa was constructed by Emperor Ashoka during the 3rd century BCE and remains one of the oldest and best preserved Buddhist stupas in India today. At nearly 66 feet high and protected by four guardian lions, its central shrine features a large Buddha image while flanked by two pillars bearing inscriptions, it stands as a remarkable testament to Buddhist religion and practice.
Other key buddhism locations include Rajgir, where Buddha subdued Nalagiri the angry elephant through kindness. Rajgir is home to one of three World Heritage Sites for Buddhism: Nalanda Mahavihara where most streams of thought originated; additional spots include Shanti Stupa with four beautiful Buddha statues; Gridhakuta Hill where the Lotus Sutra and Prajnaparamita were delivered; Jivakameavan Gardens are also nearby.